Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios: Difference between revisions
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Dissatisfied with Metro's output following his purchase of the studio, Loew later purchased [[Goldwyn Pictures|'''Goldwyn Pictures''']] in 1924 and combined the two studios in the hope of creating higher quality content for his theaters. The same year, Louis B. Mayer sold his company, Louis B. Mayer Productions, to Loew for $75,000 (Around $1.17 million adjusted for inflation). The merger between the three studios was completed on April 17, 1924, with the three studios becoming '''Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.''', or simply '''MGM'''. With Mayer serving as head of the studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer became one of the major players in the Golden Age of Hollywood and was part of the "Big Five" studios alongside [[Paramount Pictures]], [[RKO Radio Pictures]], [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]] and [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]. At its peak in the 1930s, the studio was releasing 50 films a year. In 1952, Loews Inc. was forced to relinquish control of MGM due to the outcome of ''[[w:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.|United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.]]'' forcing studios and theaters to separate. By the end of the 1950s, MGM was in decline due to a combination of the split from Loews, the decline of the old studio system and the rise of television. In 1957, the same year Louis B. Mayer died, the company filed a loss for the first time ever. | Dissatisfied with Metro's output following his purchase of the studio, Loew later purchased [[Goldwyn Pictures|'''Goldwyn Pictures''']] in 1924 and combined the two studios in the hope of creating higher quality content for his theaters. The same year, Louis B. Mayer sold his company, Louis B. Mayer Productions, to Loew for $75,000 (Around $1.17 million adjusted for inflation). The merger between the three studios was completed on April 17, 1924, with the three studios becoming '''Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc.''', or simply '''MGM'''. With Mayer serving as head of the studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer became one of the major players in the Golden Age of Hollywood and was part of the "Big Five" studios alongside [[Paramount Pictures]], [[RKO Radio Pictures]], [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]] and [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]. At its peak in the 1930s, the studio was releasing 50 films a year. In 1952, Loews Inc. was forced to relinquish control of MGM due to the outcome of ''[[w:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.|United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.]]'' forcing studios and theaters to separate. By the end of the 1950s, MGM was in decline due to a combination of the split from Loews, the decline of the old studio system and the rise of television. In 1957, the same year Louis B. Mayer died, the company filed a loss for the first time ever. | ||
In 1969, Kirk Kerkorian purchased the company. In 1981, MGM purchased the failing United Artists and in 1982, was renamed MGM/UA Entertainment Co. On March 25, 1986, MGM/UA was purchased by Ted Turner (temporarily renaming the company MGM Entertainment Co.), but after a large amount of debt, sold it back on August 26, keeping the pre-1986 MGM library. MGM was then renamed to MGM/UA Communications Co. Then in 1990, it became MGM-Pathé Communications Co. after Giancarlo Parretti purchased the company and merged it with Pathé Communications (not to be confused with [[Pathe (France)|the well-known French studio]]). Due to lawsuits, it was sold back to Kerkorian yet again and the company became Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1992. On April 8, 2005, a consortium led by Sony bought the company. During 2009-2010, MGM had financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on November 3, 2010. After escaping from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, Spyglass executives Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum became co-CEOs and co-Chairs. Birnbaum left on October 3, 2012, and Barber was fired in March 2018. Today, much of the studio's newer output is produced with and/or distributed by Columbia, Paramount, and Warner Bros. Pictures. As of 2019, some newer releases are distributed by United Artists Releasing, the rebranding of Mirror, a joint venture between MGM and Annapurna Pictures. On May 26, 2021, online shopping company Amazon announced their intention to acquire MGM for $8.45 billion. | In 1969, Kirk Kerkorian purchased the company. In 1981, MGM purchased the failing United Artists and in 1982, was renamed MGM/UA Entertainment Co. On March 25, 1986, MGM/UA was purchased by Ted Turner (temporarily renaming the company MGM Entertainment Co.), but after a large amount of debt, sold it back on August 26, keeping the pre-1986 MGM library. MGM was then renamed to MGM/UA Communications Co. Then in 1990, it became MGM-Pathé Communications Co. after Giancarlo Parretti purchased the company and merged it with Pathé Communications (not to be confused with [[Pathe (France)|the well-known French Pathé studio]]). Due to lawsuits, it was sold back to Kerkorian yet again and the company became Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1992. On April 8, 2005, a consortium led by Sony bought the company. During 2009-2010, MGM had financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on November 3, 2010. After escaping from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, Spyglass executives Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum became co-CEOs and co-Chairs. Birnbaum left on October 3, 2012, and Barber was fired in March 2018. Today, much of the studio's newer output is produced with and/or distributed by Columbia, Paramount, and Warner Bros. Pictures. As of 2019, some newer releases are distributed by United Artists Releasing, the rebranding of Mirror, a joint venture between MGM and Annapurna Pictures. On May 26, 2021, online shopping company Amazon announced their intention to acquire MGM for $8.45 billion. The current company and studio location are located at Beverly Hills, CA, while former location is located at MGM Studios (now Sony Pictures Studios, the former studio for the 1939 film ''The Wizard of Oz'') in Culver City, CA; from 1925 until 1993. | ||
==Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corporation== | ==Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corporation== | ||
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*In the 1930s, a light fanfare composed by LeRoy Shield played under Jackie's roaring, chiefly at the beginning of the Hal Roach Studios output. In the 1940s, there was a more majestic fanfare composed by Franz Waxman heard, with Jackie roaring on some films (such as ''A Day at the Races'' and ''The Philadelphia Story''). None for the mid to later years, as some had the intro music from any film playing with Jackie roaring. | *In the 1930s, a light fanfare composed by LeRoy Shield played under Jackie's roaring, chiefly at the beginning of the Hal Roach Studios output. In the 1940s, there was a more majestic fanfare composed by Franz Waxman heard, with Jackie roaring on some films (such as ''A Day at the Races'' and ''The Philadelphia Story''). None for the mid to later years, as some had the intro music from any film playing with Jackie roaring. | ||
*The Super 8mm version of ''The Wizard of Oz'' used Leo the Lion's roar from the 1960s. | *The Super 8mm version of ''The Wizard of Oz'' used Leo the Lion's roar from the 1960s. | ||
*In the 1993 MGM/UA Home Video logo, Jackie roars with Tanner's roar instead of his own roaring sound. | *In the 1993-1998 MGM/UA Home Video logo, Jackie roars with Tanner's roar instead of his own roaring sound. | ||
*On Flip the Frog cartoons, the different fanfares were heard without Jackie's roaring, Until late-1932, a new roar was added. | *On Flip the Frog cartoons, the different fanfares were heard without Jackie's roaring, Until late-1932, a new roar was added. | ||
'''Availability:''' Common. | '''Availability:''' Common. | ||
* Seen on films of the era such as ''The Wizard of Oz'', and the 1930s ''The Captain and the Kids'' cartoons. | * Seen on films of the era such as ''The Wizard of Oz'', ''The Asphalt Jungle'', and the 1930s ''The Captain and the Kids'' cartoons. | ||
* The color variant is quite rare, | * The color variant is quite rare, due to colorized versions are hardly ever revived on TV or video; it is seen on the colorized version of ''Babes in Toyland'' (1934). | ||
* This logo may plaster Slats on current prints of silent films like ''Greed'', ''Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ'', and ''Flesh and the Devil''; his first appearance as the full-time MGM lion was before ''White Shadow of the Seven Seas''. | * This logo may plaster Slats on current prints of silent films like ''Greed'', ''Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ'', and ''Flesh and the Devil''; his first appearance as the full-time MGM lion was before ''White Shadow of the Seven Seas''. | ||
* In later years, clips from this logo were recycled and applied as filmstrip images for the CGI filmstrip animation on the 1993-1998 MGM/UA Home Video logo. | * In later years, clips from this logo were recycled and applied as filmstrip images for the CGI filmstrip animation on the 1993-1998 MGM/UA Home Video logo. | ||
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File:MGM(5).png| Copyright Stamp Version | File:MGM(5).png| Copyright Stamp Version | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<center> | <center> | ||
{{YouTube|id=Jj5fcAKQ3tU|id2=bCmJTXOCV00|id3=_WdoFyoFn3g|id4=kXc_6u3ihAQ}} | |||
</center> | |||
'''Nicknames:''' "Jackie the Lion II", "Tanner the Lion II" | '''Nicknames:''' "Jackie the Lion II", "Tanner the Lion II" | ||