Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Undo revision 60456 by Asher-angel-2016 (talk) No, it was always like that and you have no right changing it without permission
imported>Asher-angel-2016 (Undo revision 60442 by MatthewLMayfield (talk) The tanner logo is the only one not too similar to the Slats logo.) |
imported>MirahezeGDPR b51743e23ae5338df4b23e5c709738fa (Undo revision 60456 by Asher-angel-2016 (talk) No, it was always like that and you have no right changing it without permission) |
||
| Line 132: | Line 132: | ||
In 1924, Louis B. Mayer merged his company Louis B. Mayer Productions with Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corporation to form Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc., or simply MGM. In 1969, Kirk Kerkorian purchased the company. In 1981, MGM purchased the failing United Artists and in 1982, was renamed MGM/UA Entertainment Co. On March 25, 1986, MGM/UA was purchased by Ted Turner (temporarily renaming the company MGM Entertainment Co.), but after a large amount of debt, sold it back on August 26, keeping the pre-1986 MGM library. MGM was then renamed to MGM/UA Communications Co. Then in 1990, it became MGM-Pathé Communications Co. after Giancarlo Parretti purchased the company and merged it with Pathé Communications (not to be confused with the well-known French studio). Due to lawsuits, it was sold back to Kerkorian yet again and the company became Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1992. On April 8, 2005, a consortium led by Sony bought the company. During 2009-2010, MGM had financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on November 3, 2010. After escaping from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, Spyglass executives Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum became co-CEOs and co-Chairs. Birnbaum left on October 3, 2012, and Barber was fired in March 2018. Today, much of the studio's newer output is produced with and/or distributed by Columbia, Paramount, and Warner Bros. Pictures. As of 2019, some newer releases are distributed by United Artists Releasing, the rebranding of Mirror, a joint venture between MGM and Annapurna Pictures. | In 1924, Louis B. Mayer merged his company Louis B. Mayer Productions with Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corporation to form Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc., or simply MGM. In 1969, Kirk Kerkorian purchased the company. In 1981, MGM purchased the failing United Artists and in 1982, was renamed MGM/UA Entertainment Co. On March 25, 1986, MGM/UA was purchased by Ted Turner (temporarily renaming the company MGM Entertainment Co.), but after a large amount of debt, sold it back on August 26, keeping the pre-1986 MGM library. MGM was then renamed to MGM/UA Communications Co. Then in 1990, it became MGM-Pathé Communications Co. after Giancarlo Parretti purchased the company and merged it with Pathé Communications (not to be confused with the well-known French studio). Due to lawsuits, it was sold back to Kerkorian yet again and the company became Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1992. On April 8, 2005, a consortium led by Sony bought the company. During 2009-2010, MGM had financial difficulties and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on November 3, 2010. After escaping from bankruptcy on December 20, 2010, Spyglass executives Gary Barber and Roger Birnbaum became co-CEOs and co-Chairs. Birnbaum left on October 3, 2012, and Barber was fired in March 2018. Today, much of the studio's newer output is produced with and/or distributed by Columbia, Paramount, and Warner Bros. Pictures. As of 2019, some newer releases are distributed by United Artists Releasing, the rebranding of Mirror, a joint venture between MGM and Annapurna Pictures. | ||
===1st Logo (November 9, 1924- | ===1st Logo (November 9, 1924-April 22, 1928)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">MGM(6).jpg | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200">MGM(6).jpg</gallery> | ||
<center><youtube width=240 height=185>ZPDTafORii0 </youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>gsSDtCzlGFc</youtube></center> | |||
'''Nicknames:''' "The Silent/Quiet Lion III", "Slats the Lion", "1st MGM Lion", "MGM Marquee" | |||
'''Logo:''' We have a new lion named "Slats" inside a newly redone film-like ribboning logo. Slats moves his head from right to left and then looks at the camera, and later looks around. The words "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">TRADE</span>" and "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">MARK</span>" are surrounding the circle containing Slats. Below the logo is a marquee that reads | |||
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">'''Metro'''</span>{{font color|white|----------------}}<br /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">'''''Goldwyn'''''</span><br />{{font color|white|----------------}}Mayer</div> | |||
On top of the circle, the phrase "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">ARS GRATIA ARTIS</span>" is inscribed. | |||
'''Trivia:''' Slats was born at the Dublin Zoo on March 20, 1919 and was originally named "Cairbre". He died in 1936. | |||
'''Variant:''' Slats appears to move differently on every film in which he makes an appearance. | |||
* Another version of this logo was seen on films from 1926-1928, the appearance of slats have a striking resemblance to Jackie from the 3rd logo. | |||
'''FX/SFX:''' Slats turning his head. | |||
'''Music/Sounds:''' None or the movie's intro. | |||
'''Availability:''' Very rare. So far, it has been spotted on ''He Who Gets Slapped'', ''Confessions of a Queen'', ''The Unholy Three'' (1925), ''The Circle'' and ''Battling Butler'', but other MGM films have Slats replaced by Jackie. | |||
===2nd Logo (October 1, 1927-September 27, 1928)=== | |||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | |||
File:MGM(14).jpg | File:MGM(14).jpg | ||
File:MGM(3).png | File:MGM(3).png | ||
</gallery> | |||
'''Nicknames:''' "2nd MGM Lion", "The Unknown Lion | |||
'''Logo:''' It's nearly the same as before, but the ribboning is slightly re-done and a different lion (name unknown) appears here. The usual MGM marquee is seen below. The ribboning is white, the wreath is {{Font color|gold|yellow}}, the mask is {{Font color|red|red}}, and the marquee is {{Font color|green|green}}. | |||
'''FX/SFX:''' TBA | |||
'''Music/Sounds:''' The only movies this is known to appear on were silent, so the logo either has silence or the movie's intro music. | |||
'''Availability:''' This logo was used on early color silent films. It appeared on ''The Heart of General Robert E. Lee'', which is currently being restored by the Library of Congress. It is also said to appear on a film entitled ''Buffalo Bill's Last Fight''. The logo should be retained if either film is shown on TCM. | |||
'''Editor's Note:''' MGM's early attempt at a color logo, and color films in general. | |||
===3rd Logo (July 31, 1928-October 13, 1953)=== | |||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | |||
File:MGM(7).jpg | File:MGM(7).jpg | ||
File:MGM(8).jpg | File:MGM(8).jpg | ||
| Line 144: | Line 182: | ||
File:MGM(13).jpg | File:MGM(13).jpg | ||
File:Metro Goldwyn Mayer (1950) "The End".png | File:Metro Goldwyn Mayer (1950) "The End".png | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
<center><youtube width=240 height=185> | <center><youtube width=240 height=185>a7DLVlQ0EEE</youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>6Pn13pwTDM4</youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>BPevWCvXS2A</youtube></center> | ||
'''Nicknames:''' " | '''Nicknames:''' "Jackie the Lion", "1st Roaring Lion", "3rd MGM Lion" , "MGM Marquee II" | ||
'''Logo:''' | '''Logo:''' A new MGM lion named "Jackie" appears in a slightly re-done film-like ribboning logo. Jackie roars three times and then looks at his trainer. The marquee "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">'''Metro'''</span>-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">'''''Goldwyn'''''</span>-Mayer" is seen below, the Latin phrase is inscribed on the circle, and the words "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">TRADE</span>" on the left and "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">MARK</span>" on the right outside of the circle. | ||
'''Trivia:''' Jackie was born in 1915. He was nicknamed "Leo the Lucky" because he survived several accidents, including two train wrecks, an earthquake, and an explosion inside the studio. He retired in 1931 to the Philadelphia Zoo, and died in February 1935 of heart problems. His hide is currently on display at the McPherson Museum in McPherson, Kansas. | |||
''' | '''Variants:''' | ||
* Up until 1932, there was also an extended version where Jackie roars three times, then he looks away and turns back to the camera before it fades out. | * Up until 1932, there was also an extended version where Jackie roars three times, then he looks away and turns back to the camera before it fades out. | ||
*This logo would also appear in sepia tone. | *This logo would also appear in sepia tone. | ||
| Line 175: | Line 200: | ||
*There is a variant where there is copyright information around the logo. This was seen on the ''Our Gang'' shorts "Teacher's Pet", "School's Out", and "Love Business", as well as the Laurel & Hardy short "Another Fine Mess". | *There is a variant where there is copyright information around the logo. This was seen on the ''Our Gang'' shorts "Teacher's Pet", "School's Out", and "Love Business", as well as the Laurel & Hardy short "Another Fine Mess". | ||
*This has appeared superimposed over scenes on trailers of 1930s films, such as ''Mutiny on the Bounty'', ''Fury'', and ''San Francisco''. | *This has appeared superimposed over scenes on trailers of 1930s films, such as ''Mutiny on the Bounty'', ''Fury'', and ''San Francisco''. | ||
'''FX/SFX:''' | '''Closing Variant:''' After the MGM merger, a variant of the Metro-Goldwyn Pictures closing logo, with the appropriate addendum, was used on the studio's end cards from 1924-1950s. | ||
'''FX/SFX:''' Jackie roaring and turning his head. | |||
'''Music/Sounds:''' | '''Music/Sounds:''' Jackie roaring. The roar always varied. From 1929-1930, Jackie's actual roar was used. From 1930-1932, starting with the film ''Paid'', a panther's roar was used. From 1932-1953, another roar was used, which would also be used for the 4th logo. For silent films, it's the music's intro only without Jackie roaring. | ||
'''Music/Sounds Variants:''' | '''Music/Sounds Variants:''' ''Hallelujah'', ''Marianne'', ''The Unholy Night'', ''The Thirteenth Chair'', ''Untamed'', ''It's a Great Life'', ''Navy Blues'', ''Devil-May-Care'', ''Their Own Desire'', ''The Bishop Murder Case'', ''They Learned About Women'', ''The Ship from Shanghai'', ''Not So Dumb'', ''Anna Christie'', ''Chasing Rainbows'', ''Lord Byron of Broadway'', ''A Lady to Love'', ''Montana Moon'', ''Free and Easy'', ''The Divorcee'', ''Redemption'', ''The Big House'', ''The Lady of Scandal'', ''The Sins of the Children'', ''The Unholy Three'' (1930), ''Our Blushing Brides'', ''Call of the Flesh'', ''Romance'', ''Doughboys'', ''Madam Satan'', ''Those Three French Girls'', ''War Nurse'', ''Min and Bill'', ''Passion Flower'' and ''New Moon'', have this logo without the roar, even though the movies themselves have sound. | ||
*In the early variants of the logo, at least three different roar variations were used, some more often than the others. | *In the early variants of the logo, at least three different roar variations were used, some more often than the others. | ||
*In the 1930s, a light fanfare composed by LeRoy Shield played under Jackie's roaring, chiefly at the beginning of the Hal Roach Studios output. In the 1940s, there was a more majestic fanfare composed by Franz Waxman heard, with Jackie roaring on some films (such as ''A Day at the Races'' and ''The Philadelphia Story''). None for the mid to later years, as some had the intro music from any film playing with Jackie roaring. | *In the 1930s, a light fanfare composed by LeRoy Shield played under Jackie's roaring, chiefly at the beginning of the Hal Roach Studios output. In the 1940s, there was a more majestic fanfare composed by Franz Waxman heard, with Jackie roaring on some films (such as ''A Day at the Races'' and ''The Philadelphia Story''). None for the mid to later years, as some had the intro music from any film playing with Jackie roaring. | ||
| Line 189: | Line 213: | ||
*In the 1993 MGM/UA Home Video logo, Jackie roars with Tanner's roar instead of his own roaring sound. | *In the 1993 MGM/UA Home Video logo, Jackie roars with Tanner's roar instead of his own roaring sound. | ||
'''Availability:''' | '''Availability:''' Common. Seen on films of the era such as ''The Wizard of Oz'', and the 1930s ''The Captain and the Kids'' cartoons. The color variant is quite rare, as colorized versions are hardly ever revived on TV or video; it is seen on the colorized version of ''Babes in Toyland'' (1934). This logo may plaster Slats on current prints of old films like ''Greed'', ''Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ'', and ''Flesh and the Devil''; his first appearance as the full-time MGM lion was before ''White Shadow of the Seven Seas''. In later years, clips from this logo were recycled and applied as filmstrip images for the CGI filmstrip animation on the 1993-1998 MGM/UA Home Video logo. The last films to use this logo were ''The Affairs of Dobie Gillis'', ''Big Leaguer'', ''The Actress'' and ''Main Street to Broadway''. | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' Along with Tanner, Jackie rates at the top with logo enthusiasts as far as MGM lions go. He was the third-longest lion to be used behind Tanner and Leo. | '''Editor's Note:''' Along with Tanner, Jackie rates at the top with logo enthusiasts as far as MGM lions go. He was the third-longest lion to be used behind Tanner and Leo. | ||
===2nd Logo (September 18, 1934-December 3, 1953)=== | ===4th Logo (November 2, 1928-October 15, 1932)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">MGM(15).jpg</gallery> | |||
<center><youtube width=240 height=185>VcymeZ83NHg</youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>vgW-H2IhW-A</youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>nCvCzAZoT1c</youtube></center> | |||
'''Nicknames:''' "Telly the Lion", "4th MGM Lion", "2nd Roaring Lion" , "MGM Marquee III" | |||
'''Logo:''' Another lion named "Telly" appears in a new re-drawn film-like ribboning of the MGM logo. He is the first of the two two-strip Technicolor lions. Telly appears with a long snarl with two roaring sound effects. The usual MGM marquee is seen below. Everything but the lion is in a green hue. | |||
'''Variants:''' | |||
*While the logo was made in color, there is also a black and white version on The Mysterious Island. The movie was originally shot in color, but only a black and white version survived. | |||
'''FX/SFX:''' Telly snarling. | |||
'''Music/Sounds:''' Jackie's 1932 roar. | |||
Some movies would only have the music's intro or the music and Telly's roar. | |||
'''Music/Sounds/Variants:''' On ''Crazy House'' (1930), the logo has no sound. | |||
'''Availability:''' Rare. Seen on live-action color films such as ''The Viking'' (1928), ''The Mysterious Island'' (1929), and ''Crazy House'' (1930), as well as color short films like ''Kiddie Revue'' (1930) and ''Over the Counter'' (1932). | |||
===5th Logo (1932-May 25, 1935)=== | |||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | |||
File:MGM(16).jpg | |||
File:MGM(4).png | |||
</gallery> | |||
<center><youtube width=240 height=185>tf0ITFBGdyo</youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>2WBcLpuKWv4</youtube></center> | |||
'''Nickname:''' "Coffee the Lion", "5th MGM Lion", "3rd Roaring Lion" , "MGM Marquee IV" | |||
'''Logo:''' Another two-strip Technicolor lion by the name of "Coffee" appears in a slightly re-drawn film-like ribboning and mask of the MGM logo. Coffee snarls by looking down and later roars. The Latin phrase is still shown inscribed on the circle. "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">TRADE</span>" and "<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">MARK</span>" appear on different sides. The usual MGM marquee is seen below. The ribboning and wreath are white, and the mask is {{Font color|red|red}}. | |||
'''Variant:''' There is also a longer version of this logo, as well as B&W versions. Sometimes (due to film deterioration), the logo itself might be closer or further away than usually intended. | |||
'''FX/SFX:''' The snarling and roaring. The extended version has extra snarling and a brief third roar. | |||
'''Music/Sounds:''' Just Coffee's roar. | |||
'''Availability:''' Uncommon. Seen on several of MGM's color short subjects, including ''Roast-Beef and'' ''Movies'' and ''Wild People'', as well as the first season of "Happy Harmonies" cartoons. | |||
===6th Logo (September 18, 1934-December 3, 1953)=== | |||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">MGM(17).jpg</gallery> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200">MGM(17).jpg</gallery> | ||
<center><youtube width=240 height=185>WbmKmr9D7x0</youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>hyK7bBRuCW8</youtube></center> | <center><youtube width=240 height=185>WbmKmr9D7x0</youtube><youtube width=240 height=185>hyK7bBRuCW8</youtube></center> | ||
| Line 222: | Line 282: | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' In terms of popularity, Tanner is pretty much tied with Jackie. In particular, those who grew up on ''Tom and Jerry'' consider him a favorite. | '''Editor's Note:''' In terms of popularity, Tanner is pretty much tied with Jackie. In particular, those who grew up on ''Tom and Jerry'' consider him a favorite. | ||
=== | ===7th Logo (July 17, 1953-November 2, 1956)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(18).jpg | File:MGM(18).jpg | ||
| Line 251: | Line 311: | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' Obviously made for widescreen. The 3D version looks incorrectly aligned upon close inspection, as Tanner, who remains in 2D, appears to be in front of the ribboning instead of the other way around. In any case, this looks to be the start of a well-established design for the MGM logo as a whole; though the ribboning isn't gold yet, and the older lions are still in use, everything else is right in place. | '''Editor's Note:''' Obviously made for widescreen. The 3D version looks incorrectly aligned upon close inspection, as Tanner, who remains in 2D, appears to be in front of the ribboning instead of the other way around. In any case, this looks to be the start of a well-established design for the MGM logo as a whole; though the ribboning isn't gold yet, and the older lions are still in use, everything else is right in place. | ||
=== | ===8th Logo (July 17, 1956-1958, March 19, 1963)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(21).jpg | File:MGM(21).jpg | ||
| Line 275: | Line 335: | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' Actual footage from this logo's production, dated June 24, 1955, has been preserved and can be seen in the Widescreen Museum. George isn't as well known as the other lions, due to his very brief tenure as the MGM lion. | '''Editor's Note:''' Actual footage from this logo's production, dated June 24, 1955, has been preserved and can be seen in the Widescreen Museum. George isn't as well known as the other lions, due to his very brief tenure as the MGM lion. | ||
=== | ===9th Logo (July 18, 1957-July 10, 1987)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(23).jpg | File:MGM(23).jpg | ||
| Line 335: | Line 395: | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' One of the most popular logos to exist. In fact, Leo is the most famous out of all the MGM lions. | '''Editor's Note:''' One of the most popular logos to exist. In fact, Leo is the most famous out of all the MGM lions. | ||
=== | === 10th Logo (April 3-October 13, 1968, 1977?-1981)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(24).jpg | File:MGM(24).jpg | ||
| Line 361: | Line 421: | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' Even as far as abstract logos go, the onscreen graphic feels like a wasted effort. But, at least MGM still saw fit to use it elsewhere for a long time after. | '''Editor's Note:''' Even as far as abstract logos go, the onscreen graphic feels like a wasted effort. But, at least MGM still saw fit to use it elsewhere for a long time after. | ||
=== | ===11th Logo (May 23, 1974-July 4, 1975)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(25).jpg|Part 1, with the "Beginning our next 50 years..." text | File:MGM(25).jpg|Part 1, with the "Beginning our next 50 years..." text | ||
| Line 378: | Line 438: | ||
'''Availability:''' Uncommon. Seen on films such as ''That's Entertainment!'', ''Mr. Ricco'', and North American prints of ''The Wind and the Lion''. Makes a surprise appearance after the Sony Pictures Classics logo on the 2006 Sony Pictures Home Entertainment DVD of ''The Passenger''. | '''Availability:''' Uncommon. Seen on films such as ''That's Entertainment!'', ''Mr. Ricco'', and North American prints of ''The Wind and the Lion''. Makes a surprise appearance after the Sony Pictures Classics logo on the 2006 Sony Pictures Home Entertainment DVD of ''The Passenger''. | ||
=== | ===12th Logo (July 20, 1984-January 18, 1985)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(27).jpg | File:MGM(27).jpg | ||
| Line 404: | Line 464: | ||
'''Availability:''' Rare. It's only seen on MGM releases of the era such as ''Red Dawn'', ''2010: The Year We Make Contact'', ''Oxford Blues'', ''Garbo Talks'', ''Mrs. Soffel'', ''Just the Way You Are'', ''Electric Dreams'', and ''That's Dancing!''. All home video releases of ''Red Dawn'' have this logo intact; however, a few recent TV and streaming prints of said film replace it with the 2012 logo. Most other films from the era that use this (aside from the former two mentioned) may be intact or plastered with newer logos. The Japanese-subtitled laser videodisc release of ''Diamonds Are Forever'' from Warner Home Video has this preceding the Turning UA logo, with a textual notice reading "United Artists Presents" appearing in between. | '''Availability:''' Rare. It's only seen on MGM releases of the era such as ''Red Dawn'', ''2010: The Year We Make Contact'', ''Oxford Blues'', ''Garbo Talks'', ''Mrs. Soffel'', ''Just the Way You Are'', ''Electric Dreams'', and ''That's Dancing!''. All home video releases of ''Red Dawn'' have this logo intact; however, a few recent TV and streaming prints of said film replace it with the 2012 logo. Most other films from the era that use this (aside from the former two mentioned) may be intact or plastered with newer logos. The Japanese-subtitled laser videodisc release of ''Diamonds Are Forever'' from Warner Home Video has this preceding the Turning UA logo, with a textual notice reading "United Artists Presents" appearing in between. | ||
=== | === 13th Logo (November 26, 1986-April 28, 2009)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(28).jpg | File:MGM(28).jpg | ||
| Line 487: | Line 547: | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' Like the 9th logo, it's one of the most popular logos ever. However, some people don't like the 2001 website variant of this logo, since it plasters so many older logos. | '''Editor's Note:''' Like the 9th logo, it's one of the most popular logos ever. However, some people don't like the 2001 website variant of this logo, since it plasters so many older logos. | ||
=== | ===14th Logo (November 14, 2008-March 16, 2012)=== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(31).jpg | File:MGM(31).jpg | ||
| Line 520: | Line 580: | ||
'''Editor's Note:''' The history of this updated logo's creation is actually rather interesting. Although the 2008 roar track was a wasted effort. Why even make it if they decided to stick with the 1995 roar? | '''Editor's Note:''' The history of this updated logo's creation is actually rather interesting. Although the 2008 roar track was a wasted effort. Why even make it if they decided to stick with the 1995 roar? | ||
=== | ===15th Logo (August 8, 2012- ) === | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:MGM(32).jpg | File:MGM(32).jpg | ||